Contemporary Relevance of Human Geography :

With the change in time and technology, paradigms of geographic perspectives have shifted towards the needs of the hours. Necessity and challenges associated to human beings have produced new themes and contents in the Human Geography. Themes like, location, distribution, growth, space, time, region, diffusion, etc. have taken new dimensions and significance. Contemporary issues have emerged in every sub-field of Human Geography as described below: 

1.  Contemporary issues in Population Geography: The recent population geography has become more thematic and applied. Themes like population dividend, ageing population, population density, over-population, population policy, population composition in terms of gender, cast and religion etc. are pronounced and significant for the betterment of society. Studies on these issues have become important for educational, health, and other physical infrastructural development. Population distribution analysis based on geo-spatial technology has become useful to address the challenge like crime, hunger, sanitation, congestion, water etc. Nowadays demographic studies are being taken as study of well being. The demographic studies with the integration of GIS technology have shifted its applicability in planning and allocation of resources. Demographic dividend, demographic transition, economic growth, employability, human capital and life expectancy have become contemporary key themes of study under population geography as a sub field of Human Geography. 
2. Contemporary issues in Social Geography: Majority of the contemporary planning is oriented to social well being. Every social issue being studied with geographical perspective come under the gamut of social geography. Whole of the world is facing problems arising out of social composition. How the social space can be constructed in a better manner is key area of study nowadays. Challenges free and socially sustainable social-space construction is the key theme of contemporary Social Geography. The challenges and problems of socio-cultural space are being studied and addressed well with the amalgam of spatial intelligence and geo-spatial technology. Theme based studies like housing, health, gender, culture, religion, languages have picked the pace to address the issues in planning, resource allocation and better society establishment/management. 
3. Contemporary issues in Political Geography: Governance is the utmost applied issue being studied under the political geography. Overall development is the outcome of efficient governance which is only possible through the rationalisation of the, administrative boundary and the resources. Now a days politics for geographic space is the matter of less debate due to precision of GIS technology application. Rationalization of frontiers of socio-economic zones, borders and administrative boundaries are the key study area under the contemporary political geography. Amalgam of politics and governance has made regional development more prioritized and judicious. Mapping and spatial analysis of political issues based on the challenges and needs have become more contemporary themes at global level. 
4. Contemporary issues in Economic Geography: the relevance of the Human Geography in the modern era is marked by the issues being studied under economic Geography. The scope of economic geography has become applied and significant from planning and globalization perspective. The corrections of the widespread spatial inequality in economy is the contemporary objective of studies under the discipline of economic geography. The popularity of such themes under human geographic research have increased due to complex challenges and competition of economy. The refinement in the research tools also signifies the relevance of human geography in economic development rivalry. The scientific interpretation and geo-spatial technical study of interrelationship between economic activities and ecological consequences have become burning research question in this globalized era, where each country is trying to geoformed their development model in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner.

        Apart from the above sub-fields of human geography, the relevance of this discipline can also be traced through the applied research in urban planning, agricultural development, disaster management, defense research, tribal development and rural development issues. The significance of human geographical studies in the contemporary studies has also been substantiated by the trending synthesis of geo-informatics and spatial intelligence concern. 

What is PSLVand GSLV ? 

On 22nd July, 2019, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) launched the second most ambitious lunar mission “Chandrayaan 2” by GSLV mk III. Firstly, I congratulate the entire team of ISRO. The GSLV stands for Geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle. Other launch vehicle is PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) used by the ISRO. The GSLV is used to launch the satellite in orbit at the elevation of about 36000 km where setellite’s rotation is synchronised with the earth’s rotation, thus satellite remains stationary over set location or receiver. All the communication satellites are the example of geostationary satellite put in orbit by GSLV. PSLV is used to put the satellite in low elevation orbit in such a manner that satellite surrounds the earth longitudinally or can say poles to poles. The satellites, which were launched through PSLV and put in longitudinal orbit are primarily used for remote sensing application. @ddgeographer.

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY? 

 In a simple word, Geography is the scientific study about the phenomena and things surrounding human beings. The nature and scope of the Geography is not static rather dynamic and increases with the advancement of technology and research. Geography is the systematic spatial study of the causes and impacts of inter-relationship between the earth's environment and human being. It is a discipline which studies the dynamics of human’s relations to its surrounding including social, religious and economic components. For the convenience of the mental streamlining the discipline can be studied in two different themes viz. Physical Geography and Human Geography. @ddgeographer

Geographer driving and revealing Infrastructure: Himalyan Express Way, Parwanoo-Shimla by dd.geographer.blogspot.in

Album showing scenic beauty of Shikari Devi Hills (Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India) with #DD.GEOGRAPHER

FUN @ Geographical tour to Shikari Devi in Himachal Pradesh, INDIA

Geographers from HPU enjoying at Shikari Devi Hill in District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India on 1st January 2017

Health of Geography

Geography in INDIA is dying swiftly, because of certain reasons. But prime cause is that Geographers associations failed to nurture this subject of great importance. Himachal Pradesh is also one of the victim of this situation. In general Geography is taken as a fundamental and very good subject, but when we see it as a curriculum subject its position is worse. Reasons are many but the prime one is that professors are still waiting for right moment to raise voice for this cause. They may be right at their place because of their well settled social life. Subject is not best only for the employability but also for the natures welfare in every dimension.

Dr. Dhan Dev Sharma
Himachal
India

Motivation

Himachal Pradesh a scenic place

Shimla, Hills queen

Wonderful Himachal

Active Microwave Remote Sensing

Active remote sensors create their own electromagnetic energy that is transmitted from the sensor towards the terrain (and is largely unaffected by the atmosphere), interacts with the terrain producing a backscatter of energy, and is recorded by the remote sensor's receiver. The strength of the backscattered signal is measured to discriminate between different targets, and the time delay between the transmitted and reflected signals determines the distance to the target. Active microwave sensors are generally divided into two distinct categories: imaging and non - imaging. The most common form of imaging active microwave sensors is imaging RADAR. RADAR is an acronym for Radio Detection And  Ranging, which essentially characterizes the function and operation of a radar sensor. Non - imaging microwave sensors include altimeters and scatterometers. In most cases, these are profiling devices which take measurements in one linear dinension, as oppoosed to the two- dimensional representation of imaging sensors. Radar altimeters transmit short microwave pulses and measure the round trip time delay to targets to determine their distance from the sensor. Generally altimeters 'look' straight down at nadir below the platform and thus measure height or elevation. Radar altimetry is used on aircraft for altitude determination, on aircraft and satellites for topographic mapping, for the estimation of the height of the sea surface, etc. (Bhatta B, 2009, page 165.)

Reference: Bhatta B. 2009. Remote Sensing and GIS, Oxford, page 165. 

Components of GIS

Distribution of Absolute Relief with in Giri Watershed.

Copyrights reserved to DD Sharma.

Map of Ocean Currents. Source Internet.

concept of primate city

CONCEPT OF PRIMATE CITY.

Ø A country's leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939

Geographer Mark Jefferson developed the law of the primate city to explain the phenomenon of huge cities that capture such a large proportion of a country's population as well as its economic activity. These primate cities are often, but not always, the capital cities of a country. An excellent example of a primate city is Paris, which truly represents and serves as the focus of France.

himachal pradesh

After independence the Chief Commissioner's Province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states.
since then 15th april is observed as Himachal Diwas, 
5 major river, 55,673 sq k.m, geographical area, 12 districts and 12 major national park. There are around 1200 bird and 359 animal species in the state. 20,300MW of hydro electric power can be generated in the State. The state has road network of 28,208 km, Himachal Pradesh has a total population of 68,56,509 including 34,73892 males and 33,82,617 females as per the provisional results of the Census of India 2011,Famous people associated with Himachal include: Dalip Singh Rana, Anupam Kher, Amrish Puri (who studied here), Prem Chopra (brought up here) , Mohit Chauhan, Anand Sharma (Member ofRajya Sabha and Union Cabinet Minister for Commerce and Industry^[37] of the Government of India), Third Supreme Court Chief-Justice and former Prime Minister of Kashmir in 1947 Mehr Chand Mahajan, economist and former vice-president of World Bank Shahid Javed Burki, NSG Commando, Pritam Singh, Bollywood actresses Preity Zinta, Kangna Ranaut, Hollywood actress Namrata Singh Gujral, Satyananda Stokes who introduced apple in the region, writer Idries Shah, ornithologist Allan Octavian Hume (had his home here), former general of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and current President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai who both studied here.
968 sex ratio
77.13% literacy rate, 
17000 educational institute,
36,783 (2006–2007) Expecte_ Per capita income,
heavenly climate, 
PROUD TO BE A HIMACHALI, 
HAPPY HIMACHAL DAY , 15TH APRIL, 
Regards, d.d.sharma,

GEOGRAPHICAL G.K

Q. Hydrabad is located on the bank of river   1 Godavari   2 Krishna   3 Kavery   4 Musi     Ans: 4

Q. The largest producer of Coffee in India is   1 Kerala   2 Tamilnadu   3 Karnataka   4 Andhra Pradesh     Ans: 3

Q. In which of the following countries High Yield Variety seed develop for the first time ?   1 Argentina   2 China   3 Mexico   4 India     Ans: 3

Q. The First Industry to develop in India was the-   1 Cottage Industry   2 Cement Industry   3 Iron and Steel industry   4 Engineering Industry     Ans: 1

Q. The deepest trenches of the ocean are found in-   1 Indian Ocean   2 Pacific Ocean   3 Arctic Ocean   4 Atlantic Ocean     Ans: 2

Q. The deepest lake of the world is-   1 Pushkar lake in Rajasthan   2 Lake superior in America   3 Victoria lake in Africa   4 Baikal lake in Russia     Ans: 4

Q. The planet which which is called twin sister of earth is-   1 Mercury   2 Venus   3 Mars   4 Pluto     Ans: 2

Q. The distance of Moon from the Earth-   1 364 thousand kms   2 300 thousand kms   3 446 thousand kms   4 384 thousand kms     Ans: 4

Q. Chilka lake is situated in-   1 West Bengal   2 Andhra Pradesh   3 Orissa   4 Tamil Nadu     Ans: 3

Q. Uttar Pradesh holds the first place in India in the production of-   1 Ice and Wheat   2 Wheat and Sugarcane   3 Rice and Sugarcane   4 Wheat and Pulses     Ans: 2

SOURCE: http://www.onlinegk.com/general-knowledge/default.aspx?cat=Geography

VON THUNEN MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

VON THUNEN MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

v The Von Thunen model of agricultural land use was created by farmer and amateur economist J.H. Von Thunen (1783-1850) in 1826 (but it wasn't translated into English until 1966). Von Thunen's model was created before industrialization and is based on the following limiting assumptions:

·         The city is located centrally within an "Isolated State" which is self sufficient and has no external influences.

·         The Isolated State is surrounded by an unoccupied wilderness.

·         The land of the State is completely flat and has no rivers or mountains to interrupt the terrain.

·         The soil quality and climate are consistent throughout the State.

·         Farmers in the Isolated State transport their own goods to market via oxcart, across land, directly to the central city. Therefore, there are no roads.

·         Farmers act to maximize profits.

In an Isolated State with the foregoing statements being true, Von Thunen hypothesized that a pattern of rings around the city would develop.

There are four rings of agricultural activity surrounding the city. Dairying and intensive farming occur in the ring closest to the city. Since vegetables, fruit, milk and other dairy products must get to market quickly, they would be produced close to the city (remember, we didn't have refrigerated oxcarts!)

The Von Thunen Model

Timber and firewood would be produced for fuel and building materials in the second zone. Before industrialization (and coal power), wood was a very important fuel for heating and cooking. Wood is very heavy and difficult to transport so it is located as close to the city as possible.

The third zone consists of extensive fields crops such as grains for bread. Since grains last longer than dairy products and are much lighter than fuel, reducing transport costs, they can be located further from the city.

Ranching is located in the final ring surrounding the central city. Animals can be raised far from the city because they are self-transporting. Animals can walk to the central city for sale or for butchering.

Beyond the fourth ring lies the unoccupied wilderness, which is too great a distance from the central city for any type of agricultural product.

Even though the Von Thunen model was created in a time before factories, highways, and even railroads, it is still an important model in geography. The Von Thunen model is an excellent illustration of the balance between land cost and transportation costs. As one gets closer to a city, the price of land increases. The farmers of the Isolated State balance the cost of transportation, land, and profit and produce the most cost-effective product for market. Of course, in the real world, things don't happen as they would in a model.

 SOURCE: INTERNET,